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and diseases into quartans took place； they were protracted； as is
wont with them； indeed； more so than usual。 Quotidian； nocturnal；
and wandering fevers attacked many persons； some of whom continued
to keep up； and others were confined to bed。 In most instances these
fevers were prolonged under the Pleiades and till winter。 Many
persons； and more especially children； had convulsions from the
commencement； and they had fever； and the convulsions supervened
upon the fevers； in most cases they were protracted； but free from
danger； unless in those who were in a deadly state from other
complaints。 Those fevers which were continual in the main； and with no
intermissions； but having exacerbations in the tertian form； there
being remissions the one day and exacerbations the next； were the most
violent of all those which occurred at that time； and the most
protracted； and occurring with the greatest pains； beginning mildly；
always on the whole increasing； and being exacerbated； and always
turning worse； having small remissions； and after an abatement
having more violent paroxysms； and growing worse； for the most part；
on the critical days。 Rigors； in all cases； took place in an irregular
and uncertain manner； very rare and weak in them； but greater in all
other fevers； frequent sweats； but most seldom in them； bringing no
alleviation； but； on the contrary； doing mischief。 Much cold of the
extremities in them； and these were warmed with difficulty。
Insomnolency； for the most part； especially in these fevers； and again
a disposition to coma。 The bowels； in all diseases； were disordered；
and in a bad state； but worst of all in these。 The urine； in most of
them； was either thin and crude； yellow； and after a time with
slight symptoms of concoction in a critical form； or having the proper
thickness； but muddy； and neither settling nor subsiding； or having
small and bad； and crude sediments； these being the worst of all。
Coughs attended these fevers； but I cannot state that any harm or good
ever resulted from the cough。
3。 The most of these were protracted and troublesome； went on in a
very disorderly and irregular form； and； for the most part； did in a
crisis； either in the fatal cases or in the others； for if it left
some of them for a season it soon returned again。 In a few instances
the lever terminated with a crisis； in the earliest of these about the
eightieth day； and some of these relapsed； so that most of them were
not free from the fever during the winter； but the fever left most
of them without a crisis； and these things happened alike to those who
recovered and to those who did not。 There being much want of crisis
and much variety as to these diseases； the greatest and worst
symptom attended the most of them； namely； a loathing of all
articles of food； more especially with those who had otherwise fatal
symptoms； but they were not unseasonably thirsty in such fevers。 After
a length of time； with much suffering and great wasting； abscesses
were formed in these cases； either unusually large； so that the
patients could not support them； or unusually small； so that they
did no good； but soon relapsed and speedily got worse。 The diseases
which attacked them were in the form of dysenteries； tenesmus；
lientery； and fluxes； but； in some cases； there were dropsies； with or
without these complaints。 Whatever attacked them violently speedily
cut them off； or again； did them no good。 Small rashes； and not
corresponding to the violence of the disease； and quickly
disappearing； or swellings occurred about the ears； which were not
resolved； and brought on no crisis。 In some they were determined to
the joints； and especially to the hip…joint； terminating critically
with a few； and quickly again increasing to its original habit。
4。 People died of all these diseases； but mostly of these fevers；
and notably infants just weaned； and older children； until eight or
ten years of age； and those before puberty。 These things occurred to
those affected with the complaints described above； and to many
persons at first without them。 The only favorable symptom； and the
greatest of those which occurred； and what saved most of those who
were in the greatest dangers； was the conversion of it to a strangury；
and when； in addition to this； abscesses were formed。 The strangury
attacked； most especially； persons of the ages I have mentioned； but
it also occurred in many others； both of those who were not confined
to bed and those who were。 There was a speedy and great change in
all these cases。 For the bowels； if they happened previously to have
watery discharges of a bad character； became regular； they got an
appetite for food； and the fevers were mild afterwards。 But； with
regard to the strangury itself； the symptoms were protracted and
painful。 Their urine was copious； thick； of various characters； red；
mixed with pus； and was passed with pain。 These all recovered； and I
did not see a single instance of death among them。
5。 With regard to the dangers of these cases； one must always attend
to the seasonable concoction of all the evacuations； and to the
favorable and critical abscesses。 The concoctions indicate a speedy
crisis and recovery of health； crude and undigested evacuations； and
those which are converted into bad abscesses； indicate either want
of crisis； or pains； or prolongation of the disease； or death； or
relapses； which of these it is to be must be determined from other
circumstances。 The physician must be able to tell the antecedents；
know the present； and foretell the future… must mediate these
things； and have two special objects in view with regard to disease；
namely； to do good or to do no harm。 The art consists in three things…
the disease； the patient； and the physician。 The physician is the
servant of the art； and the patient must combat the disease along with
the physician。
6。 Pains about the head and neck； and heaviness of the same along
with pain； occur either without fevers or in fevers。 Convulsions
occurring in persons attacked with frenzy； and having vomitings of
verdigris…green bile； in some cases quickly prove fatal。 In ardent
fevers； and in those other fevers in which there is pain of the
neck； heaviness of the temples； mistiness about the eyes； and
distention about the hypochondriac region； not unattended with pain；
hemorrhage from the nose takes place； but those who have heaviness
of the whole head； cardialgia and nausea； vomit bilious and
pituitous matters； children； in such affections； are generally
attacked with convulsions； and women have these and also pains of
the uterus； whereas； in elder persons； and those in whom the heat is
already more subdued； these cases end in paralysis； mania； and loss of
sight。
Third Constitution
7。 In Thasus； a little before and during the season of Arcturus；
there were frequent and great rains； with northerly winds。 About the
equinox； and till the setting of the Pleiades； there were a few
southerly rains： the winter northerly and parched； cold； with great
winds and snow。 Great storms about the equinox； the spring
northerly； dryness； rains few and cold。 About the summer solstice；
scanty rains； and great cold until near the season of the Dog…star。
After the Dog…days； until the season of Arcturus； the summer hot；
great droughts； not in intervals； but continued and severe： no rain；
the Etesian winds blew； about the season of Arcturus southerly rains
until the equinox。
8。 In this state of things； during winter； paraplegia set in； and
attacked many； and some died speedily； and otherwise the disease
prevailed much in an epidemical form； but persons remained free from
all other diseases。 Early in the spring； ardent fevers commenced and
continued through the summer until the equinox。 Those then that were
attacked immediately after the commencement of the spring and
summer； for the most part recovered； and but few of them died。 But
when the autumn and the rains had set in； they were of a fatal
character； and the greater part then died。 When in these attacks of
ardent fevers there was a proper and copious hemorrhage from the nose；
they were generally saved by it； and I do not know a single person who
had a proper hemorrhage who died in this constitution。 Philiscus；
Epaminon； and Silenus； indeed； who had a trifling epistaxis on the
fourth and fifth day； died。 Most of those taken with had a rigor about
the time of the crisis； and notably those who had no hemorrhage； these
had also rigor associated。
9。 Some were attacked with jaundice on the sixth day； but these were
benefited either by an urinary purgation； or a disorder