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20； with dusky tips； the lateral 10 to 12 mm。 long； the lower weaker；
shorter and curved； the upper shorter； solitary central spine reddish；
slender； somewhat twisted； usually hooked upwards； 15 to 25 mm。 long：
flowers red （？）： fruit reddish （？）； ovate； about 10 mm； long： seeds reddish；
oblique…obovate； 1。2 mm。 long； pitted； with subventral hilum。Type in Herb。
Coulter。
San Luis Potosi。
Specimens examined： San Luis Potosi （Eschanzier of 1891）。
Resembles C。 grahami； but with fewer and more slender pubescent
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North American Species of Cactus
spines； longer and less rigid central； more exserted fruit； and much larger
reddish and strongly pitted seeds with subventral hilum。
22。 Cactus tetrancistrus （Engelm。）。
Mamillaria tetrancistraEngelm。 Am。 Jour。 Sci。 II。 xiv。 337 （1852）； in
part。Mamillaria phellospermaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 262 （1856）。Cactus
pellospermusKuntze； Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 （1891）。
Ovate or ovate…cylindrical； 5 to 25 cm。 high； 3。5 to 7。5 cm。 in diameter；
simple or rarely branching at base： tubercles ovate…cylindrical； 8 to 14 mm。
long； with axillary bristle…bearing wool； at length naked： radial spines 30
to 60； in two series； the exterior bristle…like； shorter and white； the interior
stouter； longer and dusky…tipped or purplish； central spines 3 or 4； stouter；
longer； brown or blackish from a paler base； the upper 2 or 3 （10 to 14 mm。
long） straight； or one or two or even all hooked； the lower stouter and
longer （12 to 18 mm。）； hooked upwards： flowers about 2。5 cm。 long： fruit
1 to 2。5 cm。 long： seeds large （1。2 to 1。5 mm。 in diameter）； globose and
wrinkled； partly immersed in a brown spongy or corky cup…shaped 3…lobed
appendage。 （Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 7）Type； Parry of 1850； but modified
by Le Conte 14 and Bigelow of 1854； all in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Gravelly soil and sandy stream…banks； from the eastern slopes of the
mountains of southern California； throughout western Arizona and
southern Nevada to southern Utah； referred also to 〃N。 W。 Mexico〃 by
Hemsley （Biol。 Centr。…Amer。）。
Specimens examined： California （Parry of 1850； Newberry of 1858；
Parish of 1882）： Arizona （Le Conte 14； Bigelow of 1854； Dr。 Loew of
1875： also Palmer of 1870； but with no locality。
In the original description this species was confounded with C。
grahami； with which it grows and which it much resembles； and this；
together with the fact that 4 central hooked spines are seldom found；
induced Dr。 Engelmann （Syn。 Cact。 262） to propose the more appropriate
but untenable name M。 phellosperma。The resemblance to C。 grahami is
not so close as general appearance would indicate； as the more oblong or
cylindrical form； longer and less crowded tubercles； more numerous
spines； often more than one hooked central； large seeds； and remarkable
seed appendages serve well to distinguish it。
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North American Species of Cactus
＋＋ Plants with fasciculate slender cylindrical stems （30 to 45cm。 high；
and 2。5 to 6 cm。 in diameter）： Lower Californian。
23。 Cactus roseanus （Brandegee）。
Mamillaria longihamataEngelm。 Mss。Mamillaria roseanaBrandegee；
Zoe； ii。 19 （1891）。
Fasciculately branched at base； the stems 30 to 45 cm。 long
（sometimes pendent from rocks and as much as 200 cm。 long） and 2。5 to 5
cm。 in diameter； the whole plant glaucous： tubercles elongated…conical；
ascending； 10 to 12 mm。 long； with woolly axils： radial spines 7 to 10；
straight； rigid and sharp； 9 to 15 mm。 long； dark reddish when young；
becoming ashy； the upper ones the longer； the solitary central much longer
（20 to 30 mm。）； almost black below and with reddish tip； becoming ashy
with age； usually hooked downwards： flowers numerous； 2。5 to 3。5 cm。
long； bright scarlet： fruit obovate to globose； scarlet； 6 to 9 mm。 in
diameter； fleshy： seeds black and pitted。Type in Herb。 Calif。 Acad。
Apparently common at low elevations throughout southern Lower
California； especially the eastern side。
Specimens examined： Lower California （W。 M。 Gabb 17 of 1867； near
Loreto； Brandegee of 1889； at San Gregorio； Palmer 139 of 1890； near La
Paz； Palmer 880 of 1890； on Carmen Island； Brandegee 241 of 1890； at
Rancho Colorado）。
One of the most showy species of Lower California。The plant has the
appearance of a Coryphanth； and is remarkable for its tall and slender
habit； its large central hooks； and its globose fruit。Since 1867 this species
has been in Herb。 Engelmann； fully characterized as above under the very
appropriate specific name longihamatus。
24。 Cactus setispinus； sp。 nov。
Mamillaria SetispinaEngelm。 Mss。
Fasciculate and ascending； simple or branched at base； the stems about
30 cm。 high and 3 to 6 cm。 in diameter； densely covered with remarkably
long stout spines： tubercles short and broadly conical； with axillary wool：
spines white。 with black tips； radials 10 to 12； widely spreading； very
unequal； 10 to 34 mm。 long； slender and flexuous； central spines 1 to 4；
more rigid and much longer （20 to 50 mm。）； the upper ones straight； the
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North American Species of Cactus
lowest one longest and hooked （usually upwards） and often variously
curved and twisted： fruit obovate and scarlet 30 mm。 long： seeds； black
and pitted。Type； Gabb 15 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Rocky or gravelly soil； San Julio Canyon。 and in the vicinity of San
Borgia； Lower California。
Specimens examined： Lower California （W。 M。 Gabb 15 of 1867； at
San Borgia； Brandegee of 1889； from San Borgia and San Julio Canyon）。
In his notes Mr。 Gabb describes the flower as 〃large； 3 to 3。5 inches
long； bell…shaped； of a beautiful purplish red color；〃 concerning which Dr。
Engelmann remarks 〃this would indicate a Coryphanth； but the tubercles
show no trace of a groove； and； moreover； a withered remnant of a flower
laterally attached （say 18 to 20 mm。 long）； so that I have no doubt that Mr。
Gabb's statement is founded on some error。〃It is very probable that the
flowers are scarlet and larger than Dr。 Engelmann suggests。The species is
closely allied to C。 roseanus； but differs in its shorter tubercles and much
longer spines。About a dozen stems rise in a clump； about a foot high；
covering an area of 2 or 3 feet。These two species represent a very distinct
Lower Californian group of cylindrical and hooked Eumamillarias。Both
probably have showy scarlet flowers and may attain considerable length
when growing upon rock ledges so as to become pendent。The specimens
of C。 setispinus from San Julio Canyon are from younger parts and show
but a single long and hooked central。The San Borgia specimens show
mostly 3 or 4 centrals； the lowest one hooked and becoming remarkably
long and often variously twisted and curved。However； I can discover no
difference except such as may be due to age。
＋＋ Central spines present and not hooked。＋ Central spines more than
one； longer than the radials； whichare numerous； white and slender
（capillary or bristle…like）（rigid in C。 Halei）。
25。 Cactus halei （Brandegee）。
Mamillaria haleiBrandegee； Proc。 Calif。 Acad。 Sci Scr。 2。 ii。 161
（1889）。
Stems cylindrical； 8 to 10 in a clump； about 30 cm。 high and 5 to 7。5
cm。 in diameter： tubercles short； with axillary wool： radial spines 10 to 22；
rigid and erect…spreading； unequal； 6 to 15 mm。 long； central spines
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North American Species of Cactus
numerous and erect…spreading； 1 to 3 of them very stout and prominent
（25 to 35 mm。 long）； all the spines straight； at first reddish…brown；
becoming yellowish and ashy； more or less dark…tippe