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have been inclined to impute them to inherent defects in the moral
constitution of men： that oppression and tyranny grow up by a sort of
natural necessity； and that they will perish only when the human species is
extinct。 Ludloe laboured to prove that this was； by no means； the case： that
man is the creature of circumstances： that he is capable of endless
improvement： that his progress has been stopped by the artificial
impediment of government： that by the removal of this； the fondest
dreams of imagination will be realized。
From detailing and accounting for the evils which exist under our
present institutions； he usually proceeded to delineate some scheme of
Utopian felicity； where the empire of reason should supplant that of force：
where justice should be universally understood and practised； where the
interest of the whole and of the individual should be seen by all to be the
same； where the public good should be the scope of all activity； where the
tasks of all should be the same； and the means of subsistence equally
distributed。
No one could contemplate his pictures without rapture。 By their
comprehensiveness and amplitude they filled the imagination。 I was
unwilling to believe that in no region of the world； or at no period could
these ideas be realized。 It was plain that the nations of Europe were
tending to greater depravity； and would be the prey of perpetual vicissitude。
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MEMOIRS OF CARWIN THE BILOQUIST ＇A fragment＇
All individual attempts at their reformation would be fruitless。 He
therefore who desired the diffusion of right principles； to make a just
system be adopted by a whole community； must pursue some
extraordinary method。
In this state of mind I recollected my native country； where a few
colonists from Britain had sown the germe of populous and mighty
empires。 Attended； as they were； into their new abode； by all their
prejudices； yet such had been the influence of new circumstances； of
consulting for their own happiness； of adopting simple forms of
government； and excluding nobles and kings from their system； that they
enjoyed a degree of happiness far superior to their parent state。
To conquer the prejudices and change the habits of millions； are
impossible。 The human mind； exposed to social influences； inflexibly
adheres to the direction that is given to it； but for the same reason why
men； who begin in error will continue； those who commence in truth； may
be expected to persist。 Habit and example will operate with equal force
in both instances。
Let a few； sufficiently enlightened and disinterested； take up their
abode in some unvisited region。 Let their social scheme be founded in
equity； and how small soever their original number may be； their growth
into a nation is inevitable。 Among other effects of national justice； was
to be ranked the swift increase of numbers。 Exempt from servile
obligations and perverse habits； endowed with property； wisdom； and
health。 Hundreds will expand； with inconceivable rapidity into
thousands and thousands； into millions； and a new race； tutored in truth；
may； in a few centuries； overflow the habitable world。
Such were the visions of youth！ I could not banish them from my
mind。 I knew them to be crude； but believed that deliberation would
bestow upon them solidity and shape。 Meanwhile I imparted them to
Ludloe。
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MEMOIRS OF CARWIN THE BILOQUIST ＇A fragment＇
Chapter VI。
In answer to the reveries and speculations which I sent to him
respecting this subject； Ludloe informed me； that they had led his mind
into a new sphere of meditation。 He had long and deeply considered in
what way he might essentially promote my happiness。 He had entertained
a faint hope that I would one day be qualified for a station like that to
which he himself had been advanced。 This post required an elevation and
stability of views which human beings seldom reach； and which could be
attained by me only by a long series of heroic labours。 Hitherto every
new stage in my intellectual progress had added vigour to his hopes； and
he cherished a stronger belief than formerly that my career would
terminate auspiciously。 This； however； was necessarily distant。 Many
preliminaries must first be settled； many arduous accomplishments be first
obtained； and my virtue be subjected to severe trials。 At present it was
not in his power to be more explicit； but if my reflections suggested no
better plan； he advised me to settle my affairs in Spain； and return to him
immediately。 My knowledge of this country would be of the highest use；
on the supposition of my ultimately arriving at the honours to which he
had alluded； and some of these preparatory measures could be taken only
with his assistance； and in his company。
This intimation was eagerly obeyed； and； in a short time； I arrived at
Dublin。 Meanwhile my mind had copious occupation in commenting on
my friend's letter。 This scheme； whatever it was； seemed to be suggested
by my mention of a plan of colonization； and my preference of that mode
of producing extensive and permanent effects on the condition of mankind。
It was easy therefore to conjecture that this mode had been pursued under
some mysterious modifications and conditions。
It had always excited my wonder that so obvious an expedient had
been overlooked。 The globe which we inhabit was very imperfectly
known。 The regions and nations unexplored； it was reasonable to believe；
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MEMOIRS OF CARWIN THE BILOQUIST ＇A fragment＇
surpassed in extent； and perhaps in populousness； those with which we
were familiar。 The order of Jesuits had furnished an example of all the
errors and excellencies of such a scheme。 Their plan was founded on
erroneous notions of religion and policy； and they had absurdly chosen a
scene* within reach of the injustice and ambition of an European tyrant。
It was wise and easy to profit by their example。 Resting on the two
props of fidelity and zeal； an association might exist for ages in the heart
of Europe； whose influence might be felt； and might be boundless； in some
region of the southern hemisphere； and by whom a moral and political
structure might be raised； the growth of pure wisdom； and totally unlike
those fragments of Roman and Gothic barbarism； which cover the face of
what are called the civilized nations。 The belief now rose in my mind
that some such scheme had actually been prosecuted； and that Ludloe was
a coadjutor。 On this supposition； the caution with which he approached
to his point； the arduous probation which a candidate for a part on this
stage must undergo； and the rigours of that test by which his fortitude and
virtue must be tried； were easily explained。 I was too deeply imbued
with veneration for the effects of such schemes； and too sanguine in my
confidence in the rectitude of Ludloe； to refuse my concurrence in any
scheme by which my qualifications might at length be raised to a due
point。
Our interview was frank and affectionate。 I found him situated just
as formerly。 His aspect； manners； and deportment were the same。 I
entered once more on my former mode of life； but our intercourse became
more frequent。 We constantly breakfasted together； and our conversation
was usual