the fathers of the constitution-第32部分

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he　autographs　are　from　the　same　source。　This　series　presents　no　portraits　of　David　Brearley　of　New　Jersey；　Thomas　Fitzsimons　of　Pennsylvania；　and　Jacob　Broom　of　Delaware。　With　respect　to　the　others　we　give　such　information　as　Albert　Rosenthal；　the　Philadelphia　artist；　inscribed　on　each　portrait　and　also　such　other　data　as　have　been　unearthed　from　the　correspondence　of　Dr。　Emmet；　preserved　in　the　Manuscript　Division　of　the　New　York　Public　Library。　Considerable　controversy　has　raged；　on　and　off；　but　especially　of　late；　in　regard　to　the　painted　and　etched　portraits　which　Rosenthal　produced　nearly　a　generation　ago；　and　in　particular　respecting　portraits　which　were　hung　in　Independence　Hall；　Philadelphia。　Statements　in　the　case　by　Rosenthal　and　by　the　late　Charles　Henry　Hart　are　in　the　〃American　Art　News；〃　March　3；　1917；　p。　4。　See　also　Hart's　paper　on　bogus　American　portraits　in　〃Annual　Report；　1913；〃　of　the　American　Historical　Association。　To　these　may　be　added　some　interesting　facts　which　are　not　sufficiently　known　by　American　students。　In　the　ninth　decade　of　the　nineteenth　century；　principally　from　1885　to　1888；　a　few　collectors　of　American　autographs　united　in　an　informal　association　which　was　sometimes　called　a　〃Club；〃　for　the　purpose　of　procuring　portraits　of　American　historical　characters　which　they　desired　to　associate　with　respective　autographs　as　extra…illustrations。　They　were　pioneers　in　their　work　and　their　purposes　were　honorable。　They　cooperated　in　effort　and　expenses；　'in　a　most　commendable　mutuality。　Prime　movers　and　workers　were　the　late　Dr。　Emmet；　of　New　York；　and　Simon　Gratz；　Esq。；　still　active　in　Philadelphia。　These　men　have　done　much　to　stimulate　appreciation　for　and　the　preservation　of　the　fundamental　sources　of　American　history。　When　they　began；　and　for　many　years　thereafter；　not　the　same　critical　standards　reigned　among　American　historians；　much　less　among　American　collectors；　as　the　canons　now　require。　The　members　of　the　〃Club〃　entered　into　an　extensive　correspondence　with　the　descendants　of　persons　whose　portraits　they　wished　to　trace　and　then　have　reproduced。　They　were　sometimes　misled　by　these　descendants；　who　themselves；　often　great…grandchildren　or　more　removed　by　ties　and　time；　assumed　that　a　given　portrait　represented　the　particular　person　in　demand；　because　in　their　own　uncritical　minds　a　tradition　was　as　good　as　a　fact。　The　members　of　the　〃Club；〃　then；　did　the　best　they　could　with　the　assistance　and　standards　of　their　time。　The　following　extract　from　a　letter　written　by　Gratz　to　Emmet；　November　10；　1885；　reveals　much　that　should　be　better　known。　He　wrote　very　frankly　as　follows：　〃What　you　say　in　regard　to　Rosenthal's　work　is　correct：　but　the　fault　is　not　his。　Many　of　the　photographs　are　utterly　wanting　in　expression　or　character；　and　if　the　artist　were　to　undertake　to　correct　these　deficiencies　by　making　the　portrait　what　he　may　SUPPOSE　it　should　be；　his　production　（while　presenting　a　better　appearance　ARTISTICALLY）　might　be　very　much　less　of　a　LIKENESS　than　the　photograph　from　which　he　works。　Rosenthal　always　shows　me　a　rough　proof　of　the　unfinished　etching；　so　that　I　may　advise　him　as　to　corrections　&　additions　which　I　may　consider　justifiable　&　advisable。〃　Other　correspondence　shows　that　Rosenthal　received　about　twenty　dollars　for　each　plate　which　he　etched　for　the　〃Club。〃　The　following　arrangement　of　data　follows　the　order　of　the　names　as　signed　to　the　Constitution。　The　Emmet　numbers　identify　the　etchings　in　the　bound　volume　from　which　they　have　been　reproduced。　1。　George　Washington；　President　（also　delegate　from　Virginia）；　Emmet　9497；　inscribed　〃Joseph　Wright　Pinxit　Phila。　1784。　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888。　Aqua　fortis。〃　NEW　HAMPSHIRE　2。　John　Langdon；　Emmet　9439；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　after　Painting　by　Trumbull。〃　Mr。　Walter　Langdon；　of　Hyde　Park；　N。　Y。；　in　January；　1885；　sent　to　Dr。　Emmet　a　photograph　of　a　〃portrait　of　Governor　John　Langdon　LL。D。〃　An　oil　miniature　painted　on　wood　by　Col。　John　Trumbull；　in　1792；　is　in　the　Yale　School　of　Fine　Arts。　There　is　also　painting　of　Langdon　in　Independence　Hall；　by　James　Sharpless。　3。　Nicholas　Gilman；　Emmet　9441；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888。〃　A　drawing　by　the　same　artist　formerly　hung　in　Independence　Hall。　The　two　are　not　at　all　alike。　No　contemporary　attribution　is　made　and　the　Emmet　correspondence　reveals　nothing。　MASSACHUSETTS　4。　Nathaniel　Gorham；　Emmet　9443。　It　was　etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　but　without　inscription　of　any　kind　or　date。　A　painting　by　him；　in　likeness　identical；　formerly　hung　in　Independence　Hall。　No　evidence　in　Emmet　correspondence。　5。　Rufus　King；　Emmet　9445；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　after　Painting　by　Trumbull。〃　King　was　painted　by　Col。　John　Trumbull　from　life　and　the　portrait　is　in　the　Yale　School　of　Fine　Arts。　Gilbert　Stuart　painted　a　portrait　of　King　and　there　is　one　by　Charles　Willson　Peale　in　Independence　Hall。　6。　William　Samuel　Johnson；　Emmet　9447；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　from　Painting　by　Gilbert　Stuart。〃　A　painting　by　Rosenthal　after　Stuart　hung　in　Independence　Hall。　Stuart's　portrait　of　Dr。　Johnson　〃was　one　of　the　first；　if　not　the　first；　painted　by　Stuart　after　his　return　from　England。〃　Dated　on　back　1792。　Also　copied　by　Graham。Mason；　Life　of　Stuart；　208。　7。　Roger　Sherman；　Emmet　9449；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　after　Painting　by　Earle。〃　The　identical　portrait　copied　by　Thomas　Hicks；　after　Ralph　Earle；　is　in　Independence　Hall。　NEW　YORK　8。　Alexander　Hamilton；　Emmet　9452；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　1888　after　Trumbull。〃　A　full　length　portrait；　painted　by　Col。　John　Trumbull；　is　in　the　City　Hall；　New　York。　Other　Hamilton　portraits　by　Trumbull　are　in　the　Metropolitan　Museum　of　Art；　New　York；　the　Boston　Museum　of　Art；　and　in　private　possession。　NEW　JERSEY　9。　William　Livingston；　Emmet　9454；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。；　1888。〃　A　similar　portrait；　painted　by　Rosenthal；　formerly　hung　in　Independence　Hall。　No　correspondence　relating　to　it　is　in　the　Emmet　Collection。　10。　David　Brearley。　There　is　no　portrait。　Emmet　9456　is　a　drawing　of　a　Brearley　coat…of…arms　taken　from　a　book…plate。　11。　William　Paterson；　Emmet　9458；　inscribed　〃Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888。〃　A　painted　portrait　by　an　unknown　artist　was　hung　in　Independence　Hall。　The　Emmet　correspondence　reveals　nothing。　12。　Jonathan　Dayton；　Emmet　9460；　inscribed　〃Albert　Rosenthal。〃　A　painting　by　Rosenthal　also　formerly　hung　in　Independence　Hall。　The　two　are　dissimilar。　The　etching　is　a　profile；　but　the　painting　is　nearly　a　full…face　portrait。　The　Emmet　correspondence　reveals　no　evidence。　PENNSYLVANIA　13。　Benjamin　Franklin；　Emmet　9463；　inscribed　〃C。　W。　Peale　Pinxit。　Albert　Rosenthal　Sc。〃　14。　Thomas　Mifflin；　Emmet　9466；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　after　Painting　by　Gilbert　Stuart。〃　A　portrait　by　Charles　Willson　Peale；　in　civilian　dress；　is　in　Independence　Hall。　The　Stuart　portrait　shows　Mifflin　in　military　uniform。　15。　Robert　Morris；　Emmet　9470；　inscribed　〃Gilbert　Stuart　Pinxit。　Albert　Rosenthal　Sc。〃　The　original　painting　is　in　the　Historical　Society　of　Pennsylvania。　Stuart　painted　Morris　in　1795。　A　copy　was　owned　by　the　late　Charles　Henry　Hart；　a　replica　also　existed　in　the　possession　of　Morris's　granddaughter。Mason；　〃Life　of　Stuart；〃　225。　16。　George　Clymer；　Emmet　9475；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　after　Painting　by　C。　W。　Peale。〃　There　is　a　similar　type　portrait；　yet　not　identical；　in　Independence　Hall；　where　the　copy　was　attributed　to　Dalton　Edward　Marchant。　17。　Thomas　Fitzsimons。　There　is　no　portrait　and　the　Emmet　correspondence　offers　no　information。　18。　Jared　Ingersoll；　Emmet　9468；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　after　Painting　by　C。　W。　Peale。〃　A　portrait　of　the　same　origin；　said　to　have　been　copied　by　George　Lambdin；　〃after　Rembrandt　Peale；〃　hung　in　Independence　Hall。　19。　James　Wilson；　Emmet　9472；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　1888。〃　Seems　to　have　been　derived　from　a　painting　by　Charles　Willson　Peale　in　Independence　Hall。　20。　Gouverneur　Morris；　Emmet　9477；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　after　a　copy　by　Marchant　from　Painting　by　T。　Sully。〃　The　Emmet　correspondence　has　no　reference　to　it。　DELAWARE　21。　George　Read；　Emmet　9479；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888。〃　There　is　in　Emmet　9481　a　stipple　plate　〃Engraved　by　J。　B。　Longacre　from　a　Painting　by　　Pine。〃　It　is　upon　the　Longacre…Pine　portrait　that　Rosenthal　and　others；　like　H。　B。　Hall；　have　depended　for　their　portrait　of　Read。　22。　Gunning　Bedford；　Jr。；　Emmet　9483；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888。〃　Rosenthal　also　painted　a　portrait；　〃after　Charles　Willson　Peale；〃　for　Independence　Hall。　The；　etching　is　the　same　portrait。　On　May　13；　1883；　Mr。　Simon　Gratz　wrote　to　Dr。　Emmet：　〃A　very　fair　lithograph　can；　I　think；　be　made　from　the　photograph　of　Gunning　Bedford；　Jun。；　which　I　have　just　received　from　you。　I　shall　call　the　artist's　attention　to　the　excess　of　shadow　on　the　cravat。〃　The　source　was　a　photograph　furnished　by　the　Bedford　descendants。　23。　John　Dickinson；　Emmet　9485；　inscribed　〃Etched　by　Albert　Rosenthal　Phila。　1888　after　Painting　by　C。　W。　Peale。〃　The　Peale　painting　is　in　Independence　Hall。　24